BUILDREFS Free Tools

Construction Methods

Step-by-step field guides for the work that actually gets built — written for the crew, not the classroom.

How to Form and Pour a Concrete Slab

A step-by-step walkthrough for forming, reinforcing, placing, and finishing a concrete slab on grade — from subgrade prep to final cure.

Concrete ⏱ Full day (plus 7-day cure)

How to Set Concrete Footings

How to excavate, form, and pour strip footings and isolated pad footings that support walls, columns, and structural loads.

Concrete ⏱ Half to full day

How to Place and Tie Rebar

The correct way to read rebar schedules, cut and bend bars, maintain cover, and tie intersections before a concrete pour.

Concrete ⏱ Varies by pour size

How to Finish Concrete

Timing and technique for screeding, floating, edging, troweling, and brooming concrete to achieve a durable, professional surface finish.

Concrete ⏱ 4–8 hours (timing-dependent)

How to Mix Concrete by Hand

Mixing bagged concrete by hand or with a mixer for small pours — fence posts, footings, and repair work where a ready-mix truck isn't practical.

Concrete ⏱ 1–3 hours

How to Grade a Site for Drainage

How to establish finish grades that direct surface water away from structures and toward drainage outlets, preventing foundation and landscaping damage.

Earthwork ⏱ Half to full day (varies by site)

How to Compact Subgrade and Base

How to properly prepare and compact subgrade and aggregate base to achieve specified density for slabs, pavements, and foundations.

Earthwork ⏱ Half day to full day

How to Excavate for Footings

Layout, excavation, and inspection steps for footing trenches and pad excavations before forming and pouring concrete.

Earthwork ⏱ 2–4 hours (small project)

How to Install Erosion Controls

Installing silt fence, inlet protection, stabilized construction entrances, and sediment basins to comply with NPDES stormwater requirements.

Earthwork ⏱ Half day to full day

How to Frame a Stud Wall

Laying out, assembling, and raising a wood stud wall — from bottom plate layout to plumbing, bracing, and sheathing.

Framing ⏱ 2–4 hours per wall section

How to Install Roof Trusses

Setting engineered roof trusses safely — from unloading and staging to bracing, setting, and permanent connection.

Framing ⏱ Full day (crew of 4+)

How to Frame a Door Opening

Framing a rough opening for an interior or exterior door — sizing the opening correctly, building the header, and installing king and trimmer studs.

Framing ⏱ 1–2 hours

How to Install Blocking and Fire Stops

Where and how to install structural blocking for fixtures and grab bars, and fire blocking to slow concealed fire spread through wall and floor cavities.

Framing ⏱ 1–2 hours per room

How to Install Asphalt Shingles

A complete walkthrough for installing 3-tab or architectural asphalt shingles — from starter course to ridge cap.

Roofing ⏱ 1–3 days depending on roof size

How to Flash a Roof Valley

Installing open valley metal flashing correctly — the most durable and leak-resistant method for where two roof planes meet.

Roofing ⏱ 2–4 hours per valley

How to Install Ice and Water Shield

Installing self-adhering ice and water shield membrane at eaves, valleys, and penetrations to prevent water infiltration from ice dams and wind-driven rain.

Roofing ⏱ 1–3 hours

How to Lay Out a Building with Batter Boards

Using batter boards and string lines to establish precise building corners and excavation limits before any digging begins.

Site Work ⏱ 2–4 hours

How to Read Grade Stakes

Understanding the markings on grade stakes set by surveyors — how to read cut, fill, and elevation data to operate grading equipment accurately.

Site Work ⏱ Reference guide

How to Run Electrical Conduit

Planning, cutting, bending, and installing EMT and rigid conduit for electrical rough-in — including underground runs.

Site Work ⏱ Varies by run length

How to Rough-In Plumbing Drain Lines

Planning and installing DWV (drain-waste-vent) piping below the slab and through walls during rough-in, before concrete or finishes are in place.

Site Work ⏱ 1–2 days per floor