How to Mix Concrete by Hand

Mixing bagged concrete by hand or with a mixer for small pours — fence posts, footings, and repair work where a ready-mix truck isn't practical.

Step-by-Step

1. 1

   Calculate how many bags you need

   Determine the volume of your pour in cubic feet. An 80-lb bag yields approximately 0.60 cubic feet; a 60-lb bag yields 0.45 cubic feet. Divide your total cubic feet by the yield and add 10% for waste.

2. 2

   Set up your mixing station

   Place the mortar tub or wheelbarrow on level ground near the pour location. Have all water measured before you start — you will add it in controlled amounts. Protect bags from ground moisture.

3. 3

   Empty the bag and form a crater

   Pour the dry mix into the tub and form a crater in the center. The crater method lets you add water incrementally without it running off the sides.

4. 4

   Add water gradually

   Add about 3/4 of the water listed on the bag label into the crater. Mix from the center outward with a hoe. Add water in small increments only — too much water permanently weakens the mix. The mix should hold its shape when squeezed but not crumble.

5. 5

   Mix thoroughly

   Mix until no dry pockets remain — typically 3–5 minutes of continuous mixing. Check the bottom corners of the tub where dry mix hides. The mix is ready when it is uniformly grey and has a consistent stiff-paste consistency.

6. 6

   Place immediately

   Bagged concrete begins setting within 20–30 minutes. Place it immediately, consolidate with a rod or stick, and do not stop mid-pour if you can avoid it.