The stage of construction when the work is sufficiently complete that the owner can occupy and use the facility for its intended purpose.
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In the Field
Substantial completion triggers the warranty clock, retainage reduction, and transfer of insurance responsibility. Get the Certificate of Substantial Completion signed and dated — it's a legal document that establishes the start date for many contractual obligations.
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Rule of Thumb
Substantial completion is NOT final completion. Punch list work and closeout documents still remain. The owner takes occupancy; you retain responsibility to finish remaining items.